R-600 refrigerant, name N-butane, chemical formula C4H10, trade name Reflube 600. R600 is a hydrocarbon refrigerant -- It does not damage the ozone layer at all and has a very small greenhouse effect. It is the most environmentally friendly refrigerant today. From the perspective of environmental protection, almost all countries in the world have no restrictions on the use of R600 refrigerant in the initial installation of new refrigeration equipment and in the process of after-sales maintenance.
N-butane
1、PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
N-butane is a colorless gas with a slightly unpleasant odor. Insoluble in water, easy to dissolve alcohol, chloroform. Flammable and explosive. Used as solvent, refrigerant and raw material for organic synthesis. Oil field gas, wet natural gas and cracking gas all contain N-butane, which is obtained by separation.
Name | N-butane | Purity | 95%/99% |
Refrigerant No | R600 | Fusing point(℃) | -138.4 |
Molecular Formula | C4H10 | Gaseous density kg/m³ (20℃, 101kPa) | 2.455 |
Molecular Weight | 58.12 | Liquid density kg/m³ (20℃, 101kPa) | 0.614 |
CAS No | 106-97-8 | flashing point(℃) | -60 |
Dangerous goods No | 21012 | Relative density (water =1) | 0.58 |
Packing group | O52 | Relative vapor density (air =1) | 2.05 |
Packing method | welding steel gas cylinders, tanks, tank cars | Saturated vapor pressure (kPa) | 106.39(0℃) |
Dangerous Goods Transport Number | UN 1011 | Heat of combustion (kJ/mol) | 2653 |
Chemical Category | Organic compounds - alkanes | Critical temperature (℃) | 151.9 |
Control type | No | Critical pressure (MPa) | 3.79 |
Ignition temperature (℃) | 287 | Explosion upper limit %(V/V) | 8.5 |
Solubility | Insoluble in water,soluble in alcohol, chloroform | Lower explosion limit %(V/V) | 1.5 |
Appearance and Shape | Colorless gas slightly irritating gas | Solubility parameter (J·cm-3)0.5 | 14.453 |
Critical compression factor | 0.274 | Critical density (g·cm-3) | 0.228 |
Eccentric factor | 0.1599 | Critical volume (cm3·mol-1) | 255 |
2、Main source
Oil field gas, wet natural gas and cracking gas all contain N-butane, which is obtained by separation.
(1)The liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) containing propane and butane can be obtained by separating oil field gas from wet natural gas by pressurized condensation, and then butane can be obtained by distillation.
(2) The gas is separated from the C4 fraction of petroleum cracking and distilled at room temperature and vacuum in the refinery.A large number of C4 fractions can be obtained through reforming, catalytic cracking, coking, thermal cracking and hydrocracking liquid gas. The C4 fractions obtained from reforming, hydrocracking and atmospheric and vacuum distillation are mainly butane (N-butane and isobutane). Butane is also found in the C4 fraction produced by the ethylene plant. For example, the yield of butane in the medium depth pyrolysis product of naphtha is 0.19 % (weight ratio), accounting for 6.5% of the C4 fraction. After separating C3, isobutylene and C5 fractions by fractionation, the tail gas from the FCC unit is sent to the pre-acetonitrile extraction distillation column from the bottom of the column, and more than 90% n-butane is obtained from the top of the column.
3、Main application
In addition to direct use as fuel, N-butane is also used as a subcritical biotech extraction solvent, refrigerant and raw material for organic synthesis. In the presence of catalyst, butane is dehydrogenated to butene or butadiene. N-Butane isomerizes to isobutane in the presence of sulfuric acid or anhydrous hydrofluoric acid. Isobutane catalyzed dehydrogenation to isobutene. Isobutane can be used as alkylation agent and olefin reaction to generate branchedhydrocarbon with good anti-knock performance. Butane can be catalyzed to produce maleic anhydride, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, etc. Halogenated butane can be produced by halogenation. Nitrobutane can be obtained by nitrification. Carbon disulfide can be prepared by catalysis at high temperature. Hydrogen can be made by converting water vapor. In addition, butane can also be used as motor fuel additives to control volatile components and also can do heavy oil refining deasphalting agent. Wax precipitants in oil Wells; Used for secondary oil recovery of overflow agent, resin foaming agent, seawater into fresh water refrigerant, and olefin agent grad polymerization solvent, etc.
Mixed with propane, it is used in large quantities as liquefied petroleum gas for home heating,cooking and industrial heating. In addition, it is widely used as raw materials for organic synthesis. Such as by dehydrogenation can be butene and butadiene; Isobutane can be produced by isomerization. Maleic anhydride, acetic acid and acetaldehyde can be prepared by catalytic oxidation. Halogenated butane can be produced by halogenation. Nitrobutane can be produced by nitrification. Carbon disulfide can be catalyzed at high temperature and hydrogen can be produced by steam conversion. It is used in organic synthesis and ethylene manufacture, as raw material for synthetic rubber and high octane liquid fuels, as domestic fuels, solvents, refrigerants, instrument calibration, etc.
N-butane
Purity: 95%, 99%
Specifications: 118L/800L/926L cylinder, tank car
English name: N-Butane
Molecular formula: C4H10
CAS No. : 106-97-8
Molecular formula: C4H10
Molecular weight: 58.12
N-butane is a colorless gas with a slightly unpleasant odor. Insoluble in water, easy to dissolve alcohol, chloroform. Flammable and explosive. Used as solvent, refrigerant and raw material for organic synthesis.
Product name | Technical standards | ||||
Purity % （ V/V ）≥ |
Propane % |
Isobutane % |
Moisture % |
Sulfur | |
N-butane | 95 | 1 | 4 | 20 | 1 |
Properties: colorless anesthetic gas with natural gas odor under normal temperature and pressure. Very flammable. | |||||
Material properties: fusing point: -138.40℃, boiling point: -0.5℃, liquid density: 601.4kg /m3, gas density: 2.544kg/m3, relative density: 2.11, Critical 157.6℃, Critical pressure: 3796kPa, Critical density :288 kg/m3 Most easy ignition concentration: 3.1%, Minimum ignition energy: 0.00025J, The depth of producing maximum explosion pressure: 3.6%. | |||||
Applications: organic synthesis and ethylene manufacturing, fuel, solvent, refrigerant, standard gas, calibrating gas, smoke injection agent, standard vapor pressure village force meter, ionized particle counter. | |||||
Precautions: Very flammable. Can form explosive mixtures with air. | |||||
Technical index
Project name | Purity index（%） | ||
N-butane | ≥99.999 | ≥99 | |
Impurity content（ppm) | Oxygen（O2） | - | ≤15 |
Propane(C3H8) | ≤1 | - | |
Propene(C3H6) | ≤1 | - | |
Iso-butane(i-C4H10) | ≤5 | - | |
Water（H2O） | ≤1 | ≤20 | |
Carbon-four（C4） | ≤5 | - | |
Carbon-five（C5） | ≤1 | - | |
Other hydrocarbons (Other HC) | - |
≤10000 | |
In addition to direct use as fuel, N-butane is also used as a subcritical biotech extraction solvent, refrigerant and raw material for organic synthesis. In the presence of catalyst, butane is dehydrogenated to butene or butadiene. Butane isomerizes to isobutane in the presence of sulfuric acid or anhydrous hydrofluoric acid. Isobutane catalyzed dehydrogenation to isobutene, isobutane can be used as alkylation agent and olefin reaction to generate branchedhydrocarbon with good anti-knock performance. Butane can be catalyzed to produce maleic anhydride, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, etc. Halogenated butane can be produced by halogenation. Nitrobutane can be obtained by nitrification. Carbon disulfide can be prepared by catalysis at high temperature. Hydrogen can be made by converting water vapor. In addition, butane can also be used as motor fuel additives to control volatile components; Can also do heavy oil refining deasphalting agent; Wax precipitants in oil Wells; Used for secondary oil recovery of overflow agent, resin foaming agent, seawater into fresh water refrigerant, and olefin agent grad polymerization solvent, etc.
Mixed with propane, it is used in large quantities as liquefied petroleum gas for home heating, cooking and industrial heating. In addition, it is widely used as raw materials for organic synthesis. Such as by dehydrogenation can be butene and butadiene; Isobutane can be produced by isomerization. Maleic anhydride, acetic acid and acetaldehyde can be prepared by catalytic oxidation. Halogenated butane can be produced by halogenation. Nitrobutane can be produced by nitrification. Carbon disulfide can be catalyzed at high temperature, and hydrogen can be produced by steam conversion. It is used in organic synthesis and ethylene manufacture, as raw material for synthetic rubber and high octane liquid fuels, as domestic fuels, solvents, refrigerants, instrument calibration, etc.
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